10,000 are reported dead in the Philippines after typhoon Haiyan hit the country. The tragic irony is that climate change - yes, climate change is to blame - has almost disappeared from world political discussions. As John Vidal wrote in The Guardian on Friday 8 Nov.: "From being top of the global political agenda just four years ago,
climate change is now barely mentioned by the political elites in London
or Washington, Tokyo or Paris. Australia is not even sending a junior
minister to Warsaw [the next conference on climate]. The host, Poland, will be using the meeting to
celebrate its coal industry." In the long term, this means great economic, social and environmental turmoil everywhere, including in Europe, as politicians should constantly be reminded of.
On the literary side, here is a short passage from Joseph Conrad's Typhoon, one of his best novels:
"Observing the steady fall of the barometer, Captain MacWhirr thought,
"There's some dirty weather knocking about." This is precisely what he
thought. He had had an experience of moderately dirty weather—the
term dirty as applied to the weather implying only moderate discomfort to
the seaman. Had he been informed by an indisputable authority that the end
of the world was to be finally accomplished by a catastrophic disturbance
of the atmosphere, he would have assimilated the information under the
simple idea of dirty weather, and no other, because he had no experience
of cataclysms, and belief does not necessarily imply comprehension. The
wisdom of his county had pronounced by means of an Act of Parliament that
before he could be considered as fit to take charge of a ship he should be
able to answer certain simple questions on the subject of circular storms
such as hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons; and apparently he had answered
them, since he was now in command of the Nan-Shan in the China seas during
the season of typhoons. But if he had answered he remembered nothing of
it. He was, however, conscious of being made uncomfortable by the clammy
heat. He came out on the bridge, and found no relief to this oppression.
The air seemed thick. He gasped like a fish, and began to believe himself
greatly out of sort."
Sunday, 10 November 2013
Sunday, 8 September 2013
Syrian Fiction and Music
Hello everyone,
Back to blogging after a loooooong summer pause.
Syria seems to be on everybody's minds at the moment, and we all ask ourselves whether we should support some form of military action. I do, for the simple reason that at this stage I can't think of any other form of action, and because to me the use of chemical weapons against civilians is a red line. If it is not, what the hell is? But I'd like to offer a different perspective on Syria today, and recommend Sarmada, a novel by Fadi Azzam, a journalist now in exile in Dubai. The truth is I haven't read it, so I can't say much about it, except that the New Yorker found it very good. You'll find the review on their website. I also recommend the Syrian music band Tanjaret Daghet, whose name means "pressure cooker," because as lead vocalist and guitar player Khaled Omran says, "if you don’t let the steam come out, there will be an explosion." Plenty of videos on Youtube.
Back to blogging after a loooooong summer pause.
Syria seems to be on everybody's minds at the moment, and we all ask ourselves whether we should support some form of military action. I do, for the simple reason that at this stage I can't think of any other form of action, and because to me the use of chemical weapons against civilians is a red line. If it is not, what the hell is? But I'd like to offer a different perspective on Syria today, and recommend Sarmada, a novel by Fadi Azzam, a journalist now in exile in Dubai. The truth is I haven't read it, so I can't say much about it, except that the New Yorker found it very good. You'll find the review on their website. I also recommend the Syrian music band Tanjaret Daghet, whose name means "pressure cooker," because as lead vocalist and guitar player Khaled Omran says, "if you don’t let the steam come out, there will be an explosion." Plenty of videos on Youtube.
Tuesday, 25 June 2013
PRISM and total surveillance
![]() |
| GCHQ |
There is, of
course, George Orwell’s 1984,
with its anticipation of the State’s total surveillance machine. On a smaller
scale, Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon has long been used as a metaphor for surveillance
systems (Foucault, Zuboff) and many see the Internet as a form of modern
Panopticon. In The Handmaid’s Tale
by Margaret Atwood, “the omnipresence of Eyes, Angels, Guardians, and Aunts—all
agents of state sponsored repression—evoke an atmosphere of constant
surveillance and social control in which biblical mandate, fascist tactics, and
technology are all merged” (http://www.enotes.com). And in Philip K. Dick’s A Scanner Darkly, “the little people
are trapped in a total surveillance state where hologram cameras are routinely
used, every pay phone is tapped, supersonic tight beams are used for police
assassinations, and the closest friends inform on each other” (Darko Suvin, New Boundaries in Political Science Fiction).
Some of you may have seen Richard Linklater’s 2006 film adaptation, with Keanu
Reeves as Arctor/Fred.
Think of more dystopian/utopian fiction on total surveillance?
Please leave a comment!
Friday, 14 June 2013
L'anglais à l'Université
Friday, 26 April 2013
Les crieurs publics
Friday, 22 March 2013
Of Bees and Men
Version française en-dessous
Bees are back! But for how long? Their impending extermination could lead to some major environmental disaster, if nothing is done in time. Here is a good article on the subject: http://www.salon.com/2013/03/21/without_honeybees_we_may_cease_to_be/ On the philosophical and literary sides, two books I recommend are Bernard Mandeville's The Fable of the Bees (does what Mandeville wrote about 18th century England apply to today's Cyprus?), and The Secret Life of Bees, the 2002 best-seller by Sue Monk Kidd.
Voici le printemps, et les abeilles vont faire leur grand retour dans nos jardins. C'est l'occasion de rappeler tout ce que nous leur devons, et que les menaces qui pèsent sur elles menacent l'ensemble des écosystèmes. Sur le plan philosophique et littéraire, on conseillera de relire la célèbre "parabole des abeilles et des frelons" de Saint-Simon (toujours d'actualité ?), et Le Testament des abeilles de Natacha Calestrémé (2012), un polar scientifique avec comme toile de fond le mystère de la surmortalité des abeilles.
Sunday, 20 January 2013
Friends or foes? Qatar, Saudi Arabia and radical Islam
French troops have been fighting
Islamic fundamentalists in Mali for more than a week now, and will
probably be doing so for many months – with the help, let us hope, of African and
European armies. The irony of the situation is that Salafism has been financed
and exported to the region (and elsewhere) by countries like Qatar and Saudi
Arabia, officially considered partner countries to whom we sell weapons, buy
oil, and who invest massively in Europe: iconic places and institutions like Paris-Saint-Germain
Football Club, Harrod’s and the Shard (Europe’s highest building) in London,
and the Italian fashion house Valentino are owned by Qatari investors. We
should obviously feel worried about Qatar pouring cash–and ideology?–into
France’s disadvantaged suburbs. It is time we mustered
political will and diplomatic ingenuity to clarify our relationship with Gulf States. Let me take the opportunity to remind readers that Saudi novelist Turki al-Hamad was arrested in his country one month ago for his tweets on religion and politics.
Further reading:
Friday, 4 January 2013
Depardieu becomes a Russian citizen
| Henry James |
| Gérard Depardieu |
Will Gérard
Depardieu become Belgian or Russian? Vladimir Putin signed the citizen grant yesterday. The actor said he would turn over his French passport and social
security card if he had to pay 75% of his incomes over 1m euros in tax. Please
note: the bill says ‘75% of incomes over 1m euros,’ not ‘75% of incomes’ as even serious newspapers sometimes write.
Which means the mega-rich will still be super-rich after paying the new tax,
thank you very much. David Cameron was one of the first to be ironic about it,
when he talked about rolling out the red carpet for wealthy French people – to
which Michel Sapin, the French Employment minister, replied that he’d be
curious to see what it is like to roll out a carpet over the sea. But forget
about Depardieu, Putin, and all the squabbling between European conservatives
and social democrats (the latter are always right, aren’t they?) Here are famous
authors who changed countries and sometimes languages and nationalities. Please continue the list!
Henry James:
became a British citizen and lost his American citizenship in 1915 in protest
against the United States’ reluctance
to join the war. Follow this link to read the 1915 report from the Guardian's archive.
Joseph Conrad: born
a Russian citizen. Excerpt from Wikipedia article: ‘On 2 July 1886 he applied for
British nationality, which was granted on 19 August 1886. However, having become a subject
of Queen Victoria,
Conrad had not ceased to be a subject of Tsar Alexander III. To achieve the
latter, he had to make many visits to the Russian Embassy in London and
politely reiterate his request. He would later recall the Embassy's home at Belgrave
Square in his novel The Secret Agent. Finally, on 2 April 1889, the Russian
Ministry of Home Affairs released "the son of a Polish man of letters,
captain of the British merchant marine" from the status of Russian subject.'
Vladimir Nabokov: born
Russian. His first nine novels were in Russian. His family left Russia after
the Bolshevik Revolution. Became a US
citizen in 1945.
Milan
Kundera: left his native Czech
Republic, then under Communist
rule, in 1975. Settled in France and
became a French citizen in 1981.
Maurice G. Dantec: France’s
world famous (and politically controversial) sci-fi writer has been living in Quebec since
1998 and became a Canadian citizen.
Marie NDiaye: in
2009 the celebrated author of Three
Strong Women (Trois Femmes Puissantes)
explained that she had left France for Berlin with
her partner and their children in 2007 largely because of Nicolas Sarkozy’s
election.
Jonathan Littell: the first American to be awarded the Prix Goncourt was granted French citizenship in 2007.
Tuesday, 11 December 2012
La ténébreuse affaire DSK
Dominique
Strauss-Kahn et Nafissatou Diallo sont parvenus hier à un accord financier
mettant un point final à l’affaire du Sofitel. On ne saura donc jamais ce qui s’est
passé dans la suite 2806. La procédure est courante dans le système judiciaire
américain ; vos journaux l’expliquent en détail. Aucun de ceux
que j’ai parcourus ne relève à quel point tout ceci est balzacien : l’argent
corrupteur et régulateur ; l’inconvenance d’une certaine presse ; le
pouvoir dont seul la mort peut faire passer l’envie (Berlusconi revient, a-t-on
appris hier ! Sarkozy se tient en embuscade ; DSK, blanchi, va-t-il
faire son retour en politique ?) ; et bien sûr, pour reprendre le
titre d’une des parties d’un roman de Balzac, « Ce que l’amour coûte aux
vieillards » (6 millions de dollars, murmure-t-on, dans le cas de DSK).
Voici
un extrait de Splendeurs et misères des
courtisanes (Diallo n’en est pas une, attention, le New York Post vient, lui aussi, de lui verser des sous pour avoir
écrit le contraire). C’est la scène où Nucingen, le vieux financier, négocie certains
arrangements monétaires avec une dame…
« D'irritations
en irritations et de dix mille en dix mille francs, le banquier était arrivé à
offrir soixante mille francs à madame de Saint-Estève, qui lui répondit par un
refus grimacé à désespérer un macaque. Après une nuit agitée, après avoir
reconnu combien Esther portait de désordre dans ses idées, après avoir réalisé
des gains inattendus à la Bourse, il vint enfin un matin avec l'intention de
lâcher les cent mille francs demandés par Asie, mais il voulait lui soutirer
une foule de renseignements.
–
Tu te décides donc, mon gros farceur ? lui dit Asie en lui tapant sur l'épaule.
La
familiarité la plus déshonorante est le premier impôt que ces sortes de femmes
prélèvent sur les passions effrénées ou sur les misères qui se confient à
elles; elles ne s'élèvent jamais à la hauteur du client, elles le font asseoir
côte à côte auprès d'elles sur leur tas de boue. Asie, comme on le voit,
obéissait admirablement à son maître.
–
Il le vaud pien, dit Nucingen.
–
Et tu n'es pas volé, répondit Asie. On a vendu des femmes plus cher que tu ne
paieras celle-là, relativement. Il y a femme et femme! De Marsay a donné de
feu Coralie soixante mille francs. Celle que tu veux a coûté cent mille francs
de première main; mais pour moi, vois-tu, vieux corrompu, c'est une affaire de
convenance.
–
Mèz ù ed-elle ?
–
Ah! tu la verras. Je suis comme toi: donnant, donnant !... Ah! çà, mon cher, ta
passion a fait des folies. Ces jeunes filles, ça n'est pas raisonnable. La
princesse est en ce moment ce que nous appelons une belle de nuit...
–
Eine pelle...
–
Allons, vas-tu faire le jobard ?... Elle a Louchard à ses trousses, je lui ai
prêté, moi, cinquante mille francs...
–
Finte-sinte ! tis tonc, s'écria le banquier.
–
Parbleu, vingt-cinq pour cinquante, ça va sans dire, répondit Asie. Cette
femme-là, faut lui rendre justice, c'est la probité même ! »
Tuesday, 27 November 2012
Quelles solutions pour l'UMP ? / French right in crisis
Scroll down for English
version
![]() |
| Robert Peel, founder of the Conservative Party / fondateur du Parti conservateur britannique |
L’UMP se déchire sous nos yeux, spectacle mi-consternant,
mi-désopilant. Quelques faits : l’UMP a été fondée en 2002. Son homologue
britannique, le Parti conservateur, en 1834. Quant à nos partis centristes, le
MoDem de Bayrou, fondé en 2007, et la toute nouvelle UDI de Borloo, née en
septembre 2012, ils font figure de jeunots à côté des Libéraux Démocrates
britanniques, qui portent ce nom depuis 1988 seulement, mais viennent
essentiellement du vieux Parti libéral fondé en 1859. Evidemment, les noms et
les dates ne font pas tout ; les héritages, les courants existent par-delà
les appellations. Mais tout de même. Et puis il y a cette étude (cliquez ici) qui montre que plus les instances politiques ont de femmes en leur sein,
plus elles sont stables.
Je me permets donc d’adresser ces conseils tout simples à MM. Copé
et Fillon : 1. soyez britanniques. 2. soyez des femmes.
The UMP, the main opposition party in France, is probably
heading for a split as the leadership battle between Nicolas Sarkozy’s political heirs is reaching peaks of
irrationality. Facts: in the UK , the Conservative Party was founded
in 1834. The French UMP was founded in 2002. In the UK , the Liberal Democrats formed their
party in 1988 only, but mainly out of the Liberal Party which had been founded
in 1859. In France, the centrist Mouvement Démocrate and Union des Démocrates et
Indépendants, who are now rubbing their hands as disgusted UMP members are
joining them en masse, were founded in 2007 and 2012 respectively. Obviously there
is more in parties than dates and names, and ideological roots and legacies reach
out beyond labelling, but still. Also there is this study (click here) showing
that the more women in political organs, the more stable these organs tend to
be.
My advice to Messrs Copé and Fillon is therefore: 1. be British, 2. be women.
Wednesday, 21 November 2012
Bugarach, Edgar Poe, and the end of the world
![]() |
| Bugarach |
According to Mayan calculations, or rather to
disreputable self-appointed Mayan experts, the world will come to an end in one
month exactly, which leaves me little time to pay my taxes. I wonder what it
will be like. Shall we have the time to realise what is going on, boosting the profits
of our mobile phone operators one last time? “Yeah, I can see it – it’s big and
green and gooey and – oh my God it just swallowed the petrol station! I love
you darling! [sobbing] I love you!” Probably
not. I expect something swift, quick-fried blue steak type. (Did the Mayas eat
steaks?) Arguably, the odds of seeing the UMP, France ’s
right-wing party, split in the next four weeks are much greater, but of course of
lesser magnitude worldwide. France ,
however, or at least one tiny part of it, might be the winner. Apparently the
little village of Bugurach in the French Pyrenees will be the only place on earth left standing
after 21 December. Follow this link to read Angelique Chrisafis’s excellent report from Bugurach for The Guardian.
Of course one can sneer at those lunatics who have started gathering there, or
fear there might be suicidal doomsday cult members among them. But one can also see
this as living literature – and from
what I read most of those who are planning to go there on 20 December, or who
have been looking for the treasure of Abbé Saunière in the same region
(remember the Da Vinci Code?), fall
back on a massive suspension of disbelief, which is, after all, rather
uplifting. In literature proper, apocalyptic
fiction is a sub-genre of science-fiction concerned with the end of human
life or the end of the world as we know it. One of the first examples (Biblical
and other mythological stories set apart) is Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Conversation
of Eiros and Charmion.” Eiros died in the apocalypse (a comet hit the earth) and
describes the scene, as well as people’s attitudes over the preceding days, to
Charmion, who had been dead for some years when it all happened. The story is
very short; click on this link to read the full text. Here is the last
paragraph:
![]() |
| Edgar Allan Poe |
“Why need I paint, Charmion, the now
disenchained frenzy of mankind? That tenuity in the comet which had previously
inspired us with hope, was now the source of the bitterness of despair. In its
impalpable gaseous character we clearly perceived the consummation of Fate. Meantime
a day again passed, bearing away with it the last shadow of Hope. We gasped in
the rapid modification of the air. The red blood bounded tumultuously through
its strict channels. A furious delirium possessed all men; and, with arms
rigidly outstretched toward the threatening heavens, they trembled and shrieked
aloud. But the nucleus of the destroyer was now upon us; even here in Aidenn, I
shudder while I speak. Let me be brief—brief as the ruin that overwhelmed. For
a moment there was a wild lurid light alone, visiting and penetrating all
things. Then—let us bow down, Charmion, before the excessive majesty of the
great God!—then, there came a shouting and pervading sound, as if from the
mouth itself of HIM; while the whole incumbent mass of ether in which we
existed, burst at once into a species of intense flame, for whose surpassing
brilliancy and all-fervid heat even the angels in the high Heaven of pure
knowledge have no name. Thus ended all.”
Sunday, 11 November 2012
Fifty Shades of Hesitation
Should I or
should I not buy—and read—Fifty Shades of
Grey? Call me a snob but worldwide media hype about a book, film or triangle
player is usually enough to put me off. However, am I not missing out on a
cultural phenomenon here? Just consider the amazing number of people who not
only read it but subsequently ran to their local sex and music shops and stepped out with armloads of CDs by Britney
Spears, Chopin, and the Tallis Scholars, as well as with various silk or leather
or studded or wobbling contraptions. Unless of course this is part of the hype
too. Has any serious study proved
that all this happened? Did it happen before
they said it was happening? So back to the old problem: so many books, so
little time. Should I or shouldn’t I? Henry Miller wrote an essay called “To
Read or Not to Read” which might help
all “hesitating purchasers” like myself. Just follow the link below—the text is very short, less than 4 pages. (Scroll up as the link will take you to page 160 while the beginning is on page 157.) Isn’t it fun reading it with E. L. James’s novel in mind?
Friday, 26 October 2012
Lance Armstrong: facts and fiction (mostly fiction)
Hilarious: after
the UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale) stripped the American cyclist of his 7
Tour de France victories, a Glasgow bookshop simply shelved his autobiography in
“Fiction.” Anyway, this is where the real champions are. If you haven’t
seen The Triplets of Belleville, take
a ride to your local DVD shop and watch it.
Also on today’s reading list, three
great books on cycling:
- H.G. Wells’s The Wheels of Chance (1895—those
were the days, before the rise of cars—by the author of The War of the Worlds)
- Flann O’Brien’s The Third Policeman (now a great
classic of literature, not just literature about bikes, written in 1939-1940—famous
quote: “Is it about a bicycle?”)
- Ralph Hurne’s The Yellow Jersey (1973—a detective
novel featuring a prophetic drugs scandal in the Tour de France)
![]() |
| Les Triplettes de Belleville de Sylvain Chomet (2003) |
Wednesday, 17 October 2012
Edward Hopper / Denis Diderot
![]() |
| Edward Hopper, Summer in the city, 1949. |
Depuis que
l’exposition Edward Hopper a ouvert ses portes au Grand Palais au début du
mois, Hopper est partout dans les médias : il a fait la une de Libération, du Monde, de Télérama et de divers
magazines d’art, et l’on ne compte plus les suppléments qui lui sont consacrés.
Il s’est même invité dans les journaux télévisés de TFI et de M6, et dans
plusieurs documentaires sortis pour l’occasion, comme dimanche dernier sur Arte. Bien sûr, il y
a une part de publicité : quelques attachés de presse ou
« responsables médias » du Grand Palais ou de la Réunion des Musées
Nationaux font très bien leur travail. Mais il y a là autre chose, dont nous avons
tout lieu de nous réjouir, car le fait qu’un événement culturel se hisse au
premier rang de l’information dans les médias généralistes est à la fois
surprenant et réjouissant. C'est peut-être ce que l'on appelle l'exception culturelle française.
Lorsque que
vous verrez l’exposition, n’oubliez pas d’écouter les commentaires des autres
visiteurs devant chaque tableau. C’est Diderot qui recommande cet exercice fort
réjouissant. Voici un passage du Salon
de 1763 :
Je ne regarde pas toujours, j’écoute quelquefois. J’entendis un
spectateur d’un de ces tableaux qui disait à son voisin : « Le Claude
Lorrain me semble encore plus piquant ! » et celui-ci qui lui
répondait : « D’accord, mais il est moins vrai. » Cette réponse ne me parut pas
juste. Les deux artistes comparés sont également vrais ; mais le Lorrain a
choisi des moments plus rares et des phénomènes plus extraordinaires. (…)
C’est lorsque [les visiteurs] se rencontrent au sortir de là qu’ils
sont plaisants à entendre. L’un dit : « Avez-vous vu le Mariage de la
Vierge ? C’est un beau morceau !
– Non. Mais vous, que dites-vous du Portrait de la comtesse ? C’est
cela qui est délicieux.
– Moi ! Je ne sais seulement pas si votre comtesse s’est fait peindre.
Je m’amuserais autour d’un portrait, tandis que je n’ai ni trop d’yeux ni
trop de temps pour le Joseph de Deshays ou le Paralytique de Greuze !
– Ah ! oui ; c’est cet homme qui est à côté de l’escalier et à qui l’on
va donner l’extrême-onction ?
Cela promet de savoureuses tirades au Grand Palais, car s'il est un
peintre qui fait parler, c'est bien Hopper, dont les tableaux nous forcent à imaginer
tant d’histoires…
Tuesday, 9 October 2012
Russian fairy tales
![]() |
| "Дед Мороз"/"Father Frost" |
According to a recent poll, one Russian woman out of
five ‘definitely would’ or ‘would probably’ marry Vladimir Putin. What this
says about polls, Putin, Russian politics, Russian women, or politics and women
everywhere, I am not quite sure – probably that in today’s Russia political
propaganda has a stronger impact than what Hélène Landemore calls “democratic
reason,” i.e. “a certain kind of distributed collective intelligence specific to
democratic politics.”1 My apologies for the pun, but the Russian
president has spent more time posing topless for cameras than defending the naked
truth about, say, Chechnya, electoral fraud, or the assassination of Anna Politkovskaya.
On Sunday, he said that the Pussy Riot members “got what they asked for” and
that “the court’s decision was right” (so much for the separation of powers.) The
three women were sentenced to two years in prison after their anti-Putin “punk
prayer” in a Moscow
cathedral.2
Literary connections fail me here. Maybe “Cinderella”
with all the girls lining up in the hope the Prince will marry them? Or “The
Wolf and the Seven Kids,” with Vladimir Putin as the ravenous wolf and Pussy Riot
as the slaughtered lambs? Obviously things are not that simple. Although there probably
was voting fraud, Putin did not win through it – millions of people voted for
him for a reason. Many say this was a vote for stability. However, whether
economic stability will last with the UE threatening to tackle Gazprom monopoly
remains to be seen. Ironically, stability is a key concept throughout Vladimir Propp’s
classic analysis of Russian fairy tales. Putin fits into the stable, reassuring
archetype of the king providing order and protecting his realm. And if you want
to know more about Russian fairy tales (literary, not political), follow the
link to a very good introduction with beautiful illustrations: http://www.endicott-studio.com/rdrm/rrrussian.html
1.
read the article on http://www.sas.upenn.edu/ppe/documents/Landemore_DemocraticReason_Article_Version_for_UPenn.pdf
2.
see the video on http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/video/2012/aug/17/pussy-riot-release-new-single-video
Monday, 24 September 2012
Caricatures
Here we go again... Seven years ago the Jyllands-Posten published cartoons which fuelled the anger of extremist Muslims around the world. Another 'Muhammad cartoons row' has erupted after the publication of drawings in Charlie Hebdo. Let me be clear about this: satire and caricature are essential to freedom, and we should not yield to intimidation or threat from fundamentalists. To celebrate the right to satirize, here are a few caricatures on religious issues. #1 and #2 are by James Gillray (1757-1815) and today they would no doubt cause a fatwa to be issued on the artist's life. #3 is a 16th-century Protestant caricature picturing the pope as a cannibal. #4 is a modern cartoon making fun of the militant atheists waging war on Christmas in the United States.
![]() |
| #1. 'Presentation of Mahometan Credentials.' Oil painting. |
![]() |
| #2. 'Théologie à la Turque or The Pale of the Church of Mahomet.' Etching. |
![]() |
| #3. 16th century engraving. Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Français. |
![]() |
| #4. Cartoon. |
Thursday, 13 September 2012
Diplomatic mysteries
Version française plus bas
The brutal
attacks on U.S. diplomatic compounds in the Arab
world may prompt interest in a new genre in thrillers, the “diplomatic
mystery,” stories set in American Embassies abroad. The creator of the genre,
William Shepard, is a former career diplomat who served as Consul General in Bordeaux, France. In 2009 he published The Saladin Affair, in which al-Qaeda hatches a plot to assassinate U.S and European diplomats. His latest novel Vintage Murder (2012) is set in Paris and Bordeaux and takes the reader into the
shadow world of ETA terrorism. Another book I recommend reading is John Le
Carré’s The Constant Gardener (2000),
also a 2005 film with Ralph Fiennes, in which a British diplomat investigates
the murder of his wife in Kenya and uncovers scandals involving the Foreign Office and the
pharmaceutical industry.
L’attaque sanglante du consulat américain à Benghazi me
rappelle qu’un nouveau genre littéraire est justement apparu ces dernières
années, le « diplomatic mystery ». Son inventeur (et à ma
connaissance seul représentant à ce jour) est William Shepard, ancien consul
des Etats-Unis à Bordeaux. Ses thrillers se passent dans
les ambassades américaines à travers le monde. J’ignore s’ils ont déjà été traduits en français. Dans The Saladin Affair (2009), Al-Qaïda fomente l'assassinat de diplomates américains et européens... L’action de Vintage Murder (2012) est située en France,
des diplomates américains à Paris et Bordeaux ayant à faire à l’ETA. Je recommande aussi La Constance du jardinier (2000), grand roman de John Le Carré dans lequel
un diplomate britannique en poste au Kenya enquête sur le meurtre de sa femme, dévoile
un trafic de médicaments et finit par être assassiné lui aussi ; le film du
même titre de Fernando Meirelles (2005) est excellent également.
Thursday, 6 September 2012
Syria/Syrie: Gertrude Bell
Version française en-dessous
For academic
purposes, I am currently reading the books of British female travellers in the
years 1850-1910. One of them is Gertrude Bell, a writer, diplomat, spy, and archaeologist
who published Syria: the Desert and the
Sown in 1907. Her life and her role in the shaping of the modern Middle East obviously remind us of T.E.
Lawrence. The reading of her book is of great literary and cultural interest. Besides
this, it sheds light on Syria ’s tragic plight today. Below is an
excerpt on civil wars and how to end them…
Mes recherches me conduisent à lire en ce moment les récits de voyageuses britanniques des années 1850-1910. Parmi elles, Gertrude Bell (1868-1926), dont la vie d'écrivaine, diplomate, agent secret, archéologue, est un roman en soi. L'un de ses livres s'intitule Syria: the Desert and the Sown (1907). Sa lecture est passionnante, littérairement, culturellement, et parce qu'il nous plonge aux sources de la fabrication politique du Moyen-Orient moderne par les puissances coloniales ; à l'instar de son contemporain T.E. Lawrence (d'Arabie), autre espion-écrivain, elle contribua à forger l'Irak et la Jordanie d'une manière qui pèse encore aujourd'hui sur la géopolitique de la région. Voici un extrait (en anglais) de ce livre qui éclaire à bien des égards la situation tragique que connaît la Syrie aujourd'hui ; il s'agit des guerres civiles et des moyens d'y mettre terme...
"There are good customs and bad among the Arabs," said Namrud, "but the good are many. Now when they wish to bring a blood feud to an end, the two enemies come together in the tent of him who was offended. And the lord of the tent bares his sword and turns to the South and draws a circle on the floor, calling upon God. Then he takes a shred of the cloth of the tent and a handful of ashes from the hearth and throws them in the circle, and seven times he strikes the line with his naked sword. And the offender leaps into the circle, and one of the relatives of his enemy cries aloud : 'I take the murder that he did upon me!' Then there is peace. Oh lady! the women have much power in the tribe, and the maidens are well looked on. For if a maiden says : 'I would have such an one for my husband,' he must marry her lest she should be put to shame. And if he has already four wives let him divorce one, and marry in her place the maiden who has chosen him. Such is the custom among the Arabs."
Monday, 13 August 2012
London 2012 (4/4): Proteus/Hegel
Version française plus bas
Peregrinus Proteus, the Greek Cynic philosopher, is our last guest in this series (with Hegel in the French version below). Proteus is best remembered for cremating himself on the flames of the Olympic Games in 165 AD. I'll let my curious readers inquire about the significance of his suicide. Here is how the event is described in Lucian's satirical biography:
"AND NOW THE GAMES WERE OVER. They were the best I had ever seen, though this makes my fourth visit to Olympia. In the general rush of departure, I got left behind, finding it impossible to procure a conveyance.
After repeated postponements, Proteus had finally announced a late hour of the night for his exhibition. Accordingly, at about midnight I got up (I had found lodgings with a friend), and set out for Harpine; for here was the pyre, just two miles and a half from Olympia, going East along the racecourse. We found on arrival that the pyre had been placed in a hole, about six feet deep. To ensure speedy ignition, it had been composed chiefly of pine-torches, with brushwood stuffed in between.
As soon as the moon had risen—for her presence too was required at the glorious spectacle—Proteus advanced, in his usual costume, accompanied by the chiefs of the Cynics; conspicuous among them came the pride of Patrae, torch in hand; nobly qualified for the part he was to play. Proteus too had his torch. They drew near to the pyre, and kindled it at several points; as it contained nothing but torches and brushwood, a fine blaze was the result. Then Proteus—are you attending, Cronius?—Proteus threw aside his scrip, and cloak, and club—'his club of Heracles'—and stood before us in scrupulously unclean linen. He demanded frankincense, to throw upon the fire; being supplied he first threw it on, then, turning to the South (another tragic touch, this of the South), he exclaimed: "Gods of my mother, Gods of my father, receive me with favor." And with these words he leapt into the pyre. There was nothing more to be seen, however; the towering mass of flames enveloped him completely."
*
"Quelle est la Lebendigkeit dont il est question dans l’analyse de l’œuvre d’art vivante ? C’est la vitalité d’un culte où le rôle essentiel est joué par un corps compris comme un Soi. L’homme se substitue à la statue du dieu dans le culte, d’abord sous la forme déchaînée de la troupe de Ménades en transe, ensuite sous la forme maîtrisée du vainqueur des Jeux Olympiques. Hegel a très bien compris que ces jeux sportifs étaient d’essence religieuse. Et il souligne que cette fête sportive est une action cultuelle qui, du point de vue religieux, dépasse le travail de l’artiste sculptant la statue du dieu. Car la statue, comme œuvre d’art singulière, est inerte. Au contraire, l’œuvre d’art vivante manifeste le travail de tous, et le peuple se rend un culte à lui-même en honorant les héros. Hegel insiste sur le fait que la religion artistique est vivante en tant qu’automanifestation et autocélébration du « peuple riche d’arts et généreux ».
28Le champion des Jeux olympiques est
« œuvre d’art vivante et animée qui apparie la force à sa beauté, et qui reçoit en partage, pour prix de sa force, la parure dont on honorait la statue, et l’honneur d’être parmi son peuple, au lieu du dieu de pierre, la plus haute représentation corporelle de son essence »[19]GW 9, p. 387-388 : « Ein beseeltes lebendiges...suite.
29Cet athlète est un beau combattant (schöne Fechter), mais ce n’est pas un beau guerrier. La lutte sportive est celle qui fait ressortir un unique gagnant comme représentant de tout le peuple auquel il appartient. Il est une singularité corporelle qui dépasse la particularité de la vie de ce peuple et élève à l’universalité l’existence humaine de celui-ci. Ce faisant, c’est l’universalité du divin qui est présente dans le culte du champion, et singulièrement dans les odes en son honneur.
Thursday, 9 August 2012
London 2012 (3/4): Crimes
Scroll down for English version (with books in English)
Nous poursuivons notre série sur les écrivains ayant écrit sur les Jeux Olympiques. Et comme c'est encore l'été, on a le droit de lire des polars. En voici dont les auteurs ont été inspirés par les Jeux. Bonne lecture, sur la plage ou ailleurs, et n'hésitez pas à utiliser les "commentaires" pour ajouter des titres à la liste !
1. Meurtre aux Jeux Olympiques de Violaine Vanoyeke (sur les Jeux au IIIè siècle avant J.C, comme quoi le dopage, les tricheries et les enjeux politiques ne datent pas d'aujourd'hui).
2. Les Anneaux de la honte de François Thomazeau (sur Berlin 1936).
3. Meurtres aux J.O. de Dominique Kim (sur Séoul 1988 - l'auteur fut correspondante du Monde en Corée pendant les dix-huit mois ayant précédé les Jeux).
4. Le Tibétain de Jean-Léo Gros (sur Pékin 2008).
5. Les amateurs de San Antonio (dont Patrice Dard, le fils de Frédéric, continue la série) liront aussi Le Silence des anneaux (sur Athènes 2004).
*
Obviously no athlete cheated or took illegal drugs during these Games, or will gain any financial advantage from winning a medal (on the last point: the poetry, architecture, sculpture, painting and music contests were dropped from the Olympic programme on such grounds in 1954). This is why we have to turn to crime fiction to spice up an otherwise boringly courteous event. Here is my choice of detective novels inspired by the Olympics. Enjoy and feel free to suggest your own readings in the "comments" box!
1. James Patterson, Private Games (on London 2012).
2. John Feinstein, Rush for the Gold (also on London 2012).
3. Peter May, The Runner (on Beijing 2008).
4. Manuel Vazquez Montalban, An Olympic Death (on Barcelona 1992).
Monday, 6 August 2012
London 2012 (2/4): George Orwell
Version française plus bas.
The Olympic Games are often praised for the values they are said to
develop. Those, in the philosophy of Pierre de Coubertin, are respect,
excellence and friendship. In 1945 though, George Orwell, our second author in
this series, published an article called ‘The Sporting Spirit’ in which he debunked
the myth that Olympism brings people together. Here is an excerpt showing why
according to the author of 1984 the
Games are ‘absurd contests’ and even ‘orgies of hatred.’
‘I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates
goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world
could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination
to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the
1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to
orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to
win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the
village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is
involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon
as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some
larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts
are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.
At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant
thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators:
and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over
these absurd contests, and seriously believe—at any rate for short periods—that
running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue…
Instead of blah-blahing about the clean, healthy rivalry of the football
field and the great part played by the Olympic Games in bringing the nations
together, it is more useful to inquire how and why this modern cult of sport
arose. Most of the games we now play are of ancient origin, but sport does not
seem to have been taken very seriously between Roman times and the nineteenth
century. Even in the English public schools the games cult did not start till
the later part of the last century. Dr Arnold, generally regarded as the
founder of the modern public school, looked on games as simply a waste of time.
Then, chiefly in England and the United States , games were built up into a
heavily-financed activity, capable of attracting vast crowds and rousing savage
passions, and the infection spread from country to country. It is the most
violently combative sports, football and boxing, that have spread the widest.
There cannot be much doubt that the whole thing is bound up with the rise of
nationalism—that is, with the lunatic modern habit of identifying oneself with
large power units and seeing everything in terms of competitive prestige. Also,
organised games are more likely to flourish in urban communities where the
average human being lives a sedentary or at least a confined life, and does not
get much opportunity for creative labour. In a rustic community a boy or young
man works off a good deal of his surplus energy by walking, swimming,
snowballing, climbing trees, riding horses, and by various sports involving
cruelty to animals, such as fishing, cock-fighting and ferreting for rats. In a
big town one must indulge in group activities if one wants an outlet for one's
physical strength or for one's sadistic impulses. Games are taken seriously in London and New York , and they were taken seriously in Rome and Byzantium : in the Middle Ages they were
played, and probably played with much physical brutality, but they were not
mixed up with politics nor a cause of group hatreds.’
*
Excellence, respect, amitié :
la quinzaine olympique serait une grande fête mondiale contribuant à rapprocher
les peuples par-delà les clivages économiques et politiques. Telle était du
moins l’ambition de Pierre de Coubertin. Pourtant, dans un article de
1945 traduit en français sous le titre « L’esprit sportif », George
Orwell, le célèbre auteur de 1984, démonte
le mythe d’un olympisme porteur de hautes valeurs morales. Le réquisitoire est
cinglant. A chacun de juger. Extraits…
« Je suis toujours stupéfait
d’entendre des gens déclarer que le sport favorise l’amitié entre les peuples,
et que si seulement les gens ordinaires du monde entier pouvaient se rencontrer
sur les terrains de football ou du cricket, ils perdraient toute envie de
s’affronter sur les champs de bataille. Même si plusieurs exemples concrets
(tels que les Jeux Olympiques de 1936) ne démontraient pas que les rencontres
sportives internationales sont l’occasion d’orgies de haine, cette conclusion
pourrait être aisément déduite de quelques principes généraux.
Presque tous les sports pratiqués
à notre époque sont des sports de compétition. On joue pour gagner, et le jeu
n’a guère de sens si l’on ne fait pas tout son possible pour l’emporter. Sur la
pelouse du village, où l’on forme les équipes et où aucun sentiment de
patriotisme local n’entre en jeu, il est possible de jouer simplement pour
s’amuser et prendre de l’exercice : mais dès que le prestige est en jeu, dès
qu’on commence à craindre de se couvrir de honte soi-même, son équipe, et tout
ce qu’elle représente si l’on est perdant, l’agressivité la plus primitive
prend le dessus. Quiconque a participé ne serait-ce qu’à un match de football à
l’école le sait bien. Au niveau international le sport est ouvertement un
simulacre de guerre. Cependant ce qui est très révélateur, ce n’est pas tant le
comportement des joueurs que celui des spectateurs ; et, derrière ceux-ci, des
peuples qui se mettent en furie à l’occasion de ces absurdes affrontements et
croient sérieusement – du moins l’espace d’un moment – que courir, sauter et
taper dans un ballon sont des activités où s’illustrent les vertus nationales…
Au lieu de disserter sur la
rivalité saine et loyale des terrains de football et sur la contribution
remarquable des Jeux Olympiques à l’amitié entre les peuples, il faudrait
plutôt se demander comment et pourquoi ce culte moderne du sport est apparu. La
plupart des sports que nous pratiquons aujourd’hui sont d’origine ancienne,
mais il ne semble pas que le sport ait été pris très au sérieux entre l’époque
romaine et le XIXe siècle. Même dans les public
schools britanniques, le culte du sport ne s’est implanté qu’à la fin
siècle dernier. Le Dr Arnold, généralement considéré comme le fondateur de la public school moderne, tenait le sport
pour une perte de temps pure et simple. Par la suite, le sport est devenu,
notamment en Angleterre et aux États-Unis, une activité drainant d’importants
capitaux, pouvant attirer des foules immenses et éveiller des passions
brutales, et le virus s’est propagé d’un pays à l’autre. Ce sont les sports les
plus violemment combatifs, le football et la boxe, qui se sont le plus
largement répandus. Il ne fait aucun doute que ce phénomène est lié à la montée
du nationalisme – c’est-à-dire à cette folie moderne qui consiste à
s’identifier à de vastes entités de pouvoir et à considérer toutes choses en
termes de prestige compétitif. En outre, le sport organisé a plus de chances de
prospérer dans les communautés urbaines où l’individu moyen mène une existence
sédentaire, ou du moins confinée, et a peu d’occasions de s’accomplir dans son
activité. Dans une communauté rurale, un garçon ou un jeune homme dépense son
surplus d’énergie en marchant, en nageant, en lançant des boules de neige, en
grimpant aux arbres, en montant à cheval et en pratiquant des sports où c’est
envers les animaux qu’on se montre cruel, tels que la pêche, les combats de
coqs et la chasse des rats au furet. Dans une grande ville, il faut participer
à des activités de groupe si l’on recherche un exutoire à sa force physique ou
à ses instincts sadiques. L’importance qu’on attache au sport à Londres et à
New York évoque celle qu’on lui accordait à Rome et à Byzance ; au Moyen
Age en revanche, sa pratique, qui s’accompagnait sans doute d’une grande
brutalité physique, n’avait rien à voir avec la politique et ne déclenchait pas
de haines collectives. »
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